Attacks stretch from Kuwait to the UAE as analysts warn conflict is entering a dangerous new phase.
Published On 20 Mar 2026
Drones have struck Kuwait’s largest oil refinery for the second day as Iran launched a sweeping assault on energy infrastructure across the Gulf, while explosions boomed over Tehran from Israeli attacks as the country marked the Persian New Year.
Fires broke out across multiple units at the Mina al-Ahmadi refinery, which processes about 730,000 barrels of oil per day, early on Friday morning, as Kuwaitis marked Eid al-Fitr, the celebration ending the holy month of Ramadan.
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list of 2 itemsend of listKuwait’s national oil company said several units had been shut down, though there were no casualties.
The country’s military said its air defences were actively intercepting incoming missile and drone threats.
The strikes form part of a broadening Iranian campaign against Gulf Arab states, launched in retaliation for an Israeli strike earlier this week on Iran’s South Pars gasfield, the country’s largest, supplying about 80 percent of its domestic natural gas needs.
Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said they had also hit United States forces at the UAE’s al-Dhafra airbase, as well as sites inside Israel.
The UAE reported incoming missile and drone threats, while Bahrain said shrapnel from what it called “Iranian aggression” sparked a warehouse fire. Saudi Arabia said its forces had intercepted and destroyed more than a dozen drones within the space of two hours.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi warned this week that the strikes on Gulf infrastructure represented “a fraction” of the country’s capabilities, and threatened “zero restraint” should Iran’s own energy facilities come under attack again.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, meanwhile, said Israel had acted alone in striking South Pars and would hold off further attacks on energy infrastructure at the request of US President Donald Trump, who had distanced himself from the strike.
Qatar’s Ras Laffan, the world’s largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal, sustained severe damage in Iranian attacks, wiping out roughly 17 percent of global LNG supply and costing an estimated $20bn in annual revenue.
QatarEnergy chief Saad al-Kaabi said repairs could take between three and five years, and that the scale of destruction had set the region back “10 to 20 years”.
Iran has also closed the Strait of Hormuz, through which about a fifth of the world’s oil and LNG passes, sending energy prices surging and squeezing supplies of everything from computer chips to fertiliser.
Governments across Asia are already rationing electricity and cutting office hours.
Mujtaba Rahman, managing director at political risk consultancy Eurasia Group, told Al Jazeera the conflict appeared to be entering “an escalatory phase”, warning that Asia and Europe faced the heaviest exposure depending on “how long the war continues”.
Al Jazeera’s correspondent in Dubai, Zein Basravi, said Gulf leaders were “trying to maintain some kind of poise as these attacks escalate”, but it was becoming increasingly hard to see how the situation could continue “without some kind of breaking point”.
Israel launched further attacks on Iran overnight. The sound of explosions was heard in Tehran as Iranians marked Nowruz, the Persian New Year. No further details were immediately available.
Meanwhile, sirens sounded on Friday morning in central Israel, including in the capital of Tel Aviv, due to a second Iranian missile barrage within an hour, the Israeli army said.
Air defence systems were trying to intercept the missiles, the army said in a statement.
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